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RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON

DIX NIVEAUX DE RUGOSITÉ DE SURFACE

LA RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Notre série sur la préparation de la surface du béton a commencé par l’identification, l’élimination et la réparation du béton endommagé. Nous avons abordé les nombreux types d’impuretés superficielles du béton et leurs techniques de nettoyage dans la deuxième partie. Nous aborderons les techniques de rugosité de surface dans le Niveau III, afin de préparer les surfaces à l’application d’un revêtement ou d’une peinture.

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Juste assez de rugosité

Il est nécessaire de rendre la surface du béton rugueuse si elle est exempte de dommages et de pollution, mais jusqu’à quel point ? Les surfaces de béton grenaillé sont trop grossières pour être mesurées en millièmes ou en microns à l’aide d’un mètre ruban.

Le jeton de rugosité en caoutchouc moulé de l’International Concrete Repair Institute est le meilleur outil de référence pour déterminer les profils de surface du béton. Ces échantillons sont destinés à être comparés directement, à la fois visuellement et tactilement, à une surface de béton spécifique, représentant dix degrés de rugosité de surface.

Pour ces dix classes, il n’existe pas de description textuelle définitive : Le système de centrage est la norme. L’ICRI décrit toutefois le profil de surface minimal requis pour les différents types de revêtement.

En outre, l’ICRI fournit des techniques de préparation de surface permettant de reproduire un certain profil de surface du béton.

Le grenaillage est une technique très polyvalente. Elle permet d’obtenir des profils de surface allant de CSP 2 à 7. Le grenaillage peut être appliqué à des surfaces supérieures et verticales, contrairement à la plupart des autres méthodes mentionnées. Mais il ne permet pas d’enlever le béton aussi profondément que d’autres techniques mécaniques, comme le grattage. Le grenaillage est une méthode importante pour éliminer les microfissures laissées par ces opérations.

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Grille

En fonction de la rugosité de la meule, le meulage peut éliminer les dépôts, les fissures et les contaminants de surface et laisser à la place une surface lisse ou polie.

Les disques peuvent laisser des motifs circulaires ou des rainures sur la surface lorsqu’ils se déplacent à angle droit par rapport à celle-ci. Pour les surfaces horizontales, on utilise des ponceuses de sol. Les surfaces verticales sont poncées à l’aide de meuleuses portatives.

Il n’y a pas de risque de microfissuration.

LA RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Décapage à l’acide

Le décapage produit un poli semblable à celui du papier de verre en dissolvant le ciment et en révélant de petites particules. Pour préparer la surface à recevoir une couche d’apprêt ou d’autres couches minces, on l’utilise pour éliminer la laitance de ciment et rendre la surface légèrement rugueuse. La manipulation de l’acide est dangereuse et difficile, car les vapeurs ne présentent pas seulement des risques pour la santé, mais elles attaquent également les objets en acier inoxydable et en aluminium, tels que les boîtiers électriques et les tuyaux, lorsqu’elles entrent en contact avec eux.

Il n’y a pas de risque de microfissuration.

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Aiguilles d’écaillage

Les surfaces en béton sont brisées par des détartreurs à aiguilles au moyen de tiges d’acier propulsées par des impulsions hydrauliques ou pneumatiques. Pour l’élimination des efflorescences et autres incrustations fragiles, on utilise fréquemment des aiguilles de détartrage. La collision forme un profil de surface ressemblant à un cratère.

Risque minimal de microfissures

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Sablage

Un flux d’air comprimé est mélangé à un abrasif sec ou humide pendant le processus de sablage. Les particules abrasives produisent un effet abrasif lorsqu’elles frappent le substrat, car elles le pénètrent et détachent le mortier et les petits morceaux de matériau. Le grenaillage permet d’obtenir une surface profilée en éliminant les feuilles adhésives, les revêtements et le béton contaminé de la surface.

En outre, pour l’abrasion délicate de l’écaillage, de l’efflorescence et des surfaces sensibles, l’approche du grenaillage humide est conseillée. Les deux méthodes conviennent parfaitement aux applications intérieures et extérieures et peuvent être appliquées aux surfaces horizontales, verticales et supérieures.

Il n’y a pas de risque de microfissures.

IL N’Y A PAS DE RISQUE DE MICROFISSURES, NI DE RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Tir à l’explosif

L’acier est projeté sur la surface du béton à l’aide d’une roue pendant le processus de grenaillage. La grenaille décompose le béton et les contaminants, ce qui rend la surface rugueuse. La grenaille usée est recyclée après avoir été retirée des ordures. Le grenaillage a les mêmes utilisations que le sablage et est la technique recommandée pour le nettoyage et la mise en forme des surfaces horizontales. Les robots peuvent tirer des billes sur des surfaces horizontales dans certaines conditions.

Il n’y a pas de risque de microfissuration.

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Jets d’eau

Les jets d’eau à haute et très haute pression nettoient la surface et éliminent les impuretés. Ils peuvent être appliqués sur des surfaces aériennes et verticales, tout comme le sablage et le grenaillage. Avec un diamètre d’agrégat grossier de 10, il peut créer des CSP de trois à dix. En d’autres termes, les agrégats peuvent être éliminés par le jet d’eau.

Pas de risque de fissures minuscules

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON. Déchirure

Les composants d’une fraiseuse à béton sont des barres d’acier placées sur un tambour en acier sur lequel des engrenages sont disposés en rangées. Pendant que le tambour tourne, les appuis frappent la surface, écrasant et brisant le béton et laissant derrière eux une traînée d’éclaboussures. La scarification est limitée aux surfaces horizontales.

Risque modéré de microfissures

Fraisage rotatif

La fraiseuse rotative est une forme tendue d’une grande fraiseuse à béton gourmande en énergie. Au lieu de patins, le tambour est équipé de dents. Des rainures et des stries profondes sont produites lorsque l’impact des dents divise le béton en poussière et en éclats. Les petites dents peuvent fournir un CSP de six sur une fraiseuse rotative, tandis que les grandes dents peuvent fournir un CSP de neuf. La raison pour laquelle il manque de peu un CSP de 10 est que la fraiseuse rotative brise l’assemblage au lieu de le désengager. L’utilisation d’une fraiseuse rotative n’est possible que sur des surfaces horizontales.

Risque élevé de microfissures

Meulage

On trouve sur les fraiseuses plusieurs têtes de piston pointues à air comprimé qui déchiquettent, écaillent et brisent la surface. Elles sont fréquemment utilisées pour démolir des structures en béton de faible hauteur et produire des surfaces rugueuses et irrégulières.

Risque extrême de microfissuration

Marteau

Le béton est brisé à l’aide de marteaux pneumatiques et de burins dont les lames ou les têtes brisent la surface. Ils y parviennent en passant par la fissure et en la frappant à plusieurs reprises jusqu’à ce que de gros morceaux de béton se détachent. Ils peuvent être utilisés sur des surfaces verticales (marteau burineur) ou horizontales (marteau pneumatique).

Risque de microfissuration extrême

Agent retardateur de surface

Pour empêcher l’humidité de se développer à la surface du béton fraîchement coulé, un produit chimique appelé retardateur de surface est pulvérisé. Les composants les plus grossiers peuvent ensuite être vus et éliminés par lavage sous pression ou par récurage du mélange de ciment qui n’a pas réagi.

  • Il n’y a pas de risque de microfissuration.
  • La rugosité du béton et la rugosité de ses surfaces
  • Blocs et anneaux en béton
  • Rugosité et rugosité du béton. Enseignements importants

Comment être sûr que le profil de la surface du béton dont on dispose est correct ? Bien que l’approche la plus fiable soit l’utilisation des jetons comparateurs en caoutchouc de l’ICRI, il reste une grande marge d’interprétation.

L’établissement d’une norme de commande est la meilleure technique pour atteindre un objectif clairement spécifié pour le profil de surface. Collaborez avec les autres parties prenantes pour créer un profil de surface qui se rapproche de la CSP désignée, comme le montre le comparateur. La norme de commande devient le point de référence du boutefeu une fois que tout le monde est d’accord.

Le test de pelage

L’adhérence est le principal signe d’une surface correctement préparée. La méthode du test de pelage permet de s’en assurer. Afin de limiter la force ascendante à la zone située juste en dessous du disque d’acier, la surface finale est recouverte d’un disque d’acier cimenté et le béton est rainuré sur tout son pourtour. Le verre est comprimé avec le testeur d’adhérence jusqu’à ce qu’il se détache. L’adhérence est le point le plus faible du système, donc si l’échantillon se détache sur le plan de surface préparé, il peut y avoir un problème avec la préparation de la surface. C’est un bon signe que le béton est encore imparfait si l’adhérence tient mais que le béton se fend à moins de 10 % de la résistance à la compression prévue.

La rugosité et la rugosité du béton. Comparaison de la résistance à la traction et à la compression

La résistance d’un matériau à la rupture est mesurée par sa résistance à la compression.

La résistance d’une substance à l’arrachement est mesurée par sa résistance à la traction.

Bien qu’elles ne soient pas exactement proportionnelles, ces deux caractéristiques sont liées. La résistance à la traction du béton représente environ 10 à 15 % de sa résistance à la compression.

Quel liquide dois-je utiliser pour nettoyer le béton brut ?

Le meilleur liquide de nettoyage pour le béton est un produit appelé BETOFF-B. Il ne contient que des matières premières cosmétiques qui pénètrent la saleté persistante. Il suffit de quelques minutes pour que toutes les taches disparaissent et que le béton redevienne propre.

RUGOSITÉ DU BÉTON

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